Entry/Exit Requirements:
A valid passport is required to enter and depart Peru. Tourists must also provide evidence of return or onward travel. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for a tourist stay of 90 days or less. Visitors for other purposes must obtain a visa in advance. U.S. citizens whose passports are lost or stolen in Peru must obtain a new passport and present it, together with a police report of the loss or theft, to the main immigration office in the capital city of Lima to obtain permission to depart. An airport tax of $25 per person (price in 2002) must be paid in U.S. currency when departing Peru. There is also a small airport fee for domestic flights. For further information regarding entry requirements, travelers should contact the Peruvian Embassy at 1625 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 605, Washington, DC 20036; telephone (202) 462-1084 or 462-1085; or the Peruvian consulate in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Patterson (NJ), San Francisco, or San Juan.

Altitude Sickness:
We will be traveling over a 15,000-foot pass on our way to the Cotahuasi River. Some people experience small headaches or even nausea. We recommend that you avoid alcohol and using tobacco while at altitude. If you feel sick, be sure to rest, breath deeply, drink lots of fluids (bottled water), and perhaps take a mild pain killer for headaches. Locally brewed coca tea also seems to help. At the altitudes we will be traveling, severe altitude sickness is rare, but can occur.

Water:
It is essential to stay well hydrated while traveling, but one must take precaution to prevent sickness. We advise you not to drink any of the tap water in Peru - this includes ice in your drink. Bottled water is fine to drink and can be ordered at most restaurants. Ask for agua mineral sin gas (non-carbonated) or agua mineral con gas (carbonated). When ordering sodas, it is best to request them without ice sin hielo, as the ice is usually made from tap water. Additionally, be sure to brush your teeth with bottled water and not tap water.

Food:
While dining in Peru, take precaution with raw, unpeeled fruits and vegetables including lettuce. We recommend that if you can't peel it, don't eat it. Most restaurants wash vegetables in tap water, or don't wash them at all - this will make you sick! The high altitude also affects one's digestive system, thus it is recommended to eat in moderation and avoid rich, thick foods such as mayonnaise. However, don't be afraid to try new foods and dishes - just be cautious. We want you to experience new flavors and cuisine, but there are some things to consider when making food choices.

Diarrhea:
Despite the many precautions we take to stay healthy, occasionally one may experience diarrhea. The major problem associated with diarrhea is fluid loss, thus it is important to drink lots of fluids. If you get diarrhea, avoid milk and caffeine. The best drinks are weak tea, mineral water, and caffeine-free soft drinks. Although it is best to let diarrhea run its course, you may want to bring over-the-counter diarrhea medicines from home to minimize possible discomfort. We also advise that you carry your own supply of toilet paper, as most of the restrooms in South America either don't have TP, or they charge you for it.